Who Gets Credit?
| Media Type | Use as Author |
| Films and Movies | Director |
| TV Series | Executive Producer |
| TV Episode | Writer and Director of Episode |
| Online Streaming Video | Uploader |
| Classical Album or Song | Composer |
| Non-Classical Album or Song | Recording Artist |
| Podcast | Executive Producer or Host |
| Podcast Episode | Host |
Films and Movies
If there are multiple production studios, separate them with semi-colons.
Use a time stamp instead of page numbers for in-text citations.
Reference Page Format:
Director, A. A. (Director). (Year).聽Title of film聽[Film]. Studio A; Studio B (if necessary); Studio C (if necessary).聽
Reference Page Example:
Bush, J., & Howard, B.聽(Directors). (2021).聽Encanto聽[Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Walt Disney Animation Studios.
In-text Citation Examples:
Bush and Howard聽(2021)聽showed聽that聽...
...(Bush & Howard, 2021).
...(Bush & Howard, 2021, 23:55).
TV Series
Reference Page Format:
Executive Producer, A. A. (Executive Producer). (Beginning Year - Ending Year).聽Title of show聽[TV series]. Production Company A; Production Company B (if necessary); Production Company C (if necessary).
Reference Page Example:
The Duffer Brothers, Levy, S.,聽Cohen, D.,聽Holland, C.,聽Wright, B.,聽Thunell, M.,聽Gajdusek, K.,聽Paterson, I., &聽Gwinn, C. (Executive Producers). (2016-present).聽Stranger things聽[TV series]. 21 Laps Entertainment;聽Monkey Massacre.
In-text Citation Example:
...(The Duffer Brothers et聽al., 2016-present).
TV Episode
Reference Page Format:
Writer, A. A. (Writer), Director, B. B.聽(Director). (Year, Month Day aired). Title of Episode (Season #, Episode #) [TV series episode]. In聽Executive Producer, A. A. (Executive Producer),聽Title of show. Production Company A; Production Company B; Production Company C.聽
Reference Page Example:
Trefry, K.聽(Writer)聽& Antal, N. (Director). (2022, May 27). Chapter Five: The Nina Project (Season 4, Episode 5) [TV series episode]. In The Duffer Brothers, Levy, S.,聽Cohen, D.,聽Holland, C.,聽Wright, B.,聽Thunell, M.,聽Gajdusek, K.,聽Paterson, I., &聽Gwinn, C. (Executive Producers). (2016-present).聽Stranger things聽[TV series]. 21 Laps Entertainment;聽Monkey Massacre.
In-text Citation Example:
...(Trefry & Antal, 2022).
Streaming Video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)
For videos from most streaming sites (e.g. YouTube, Vimeo) use the name of the account which uploaded the video.
If you want to include the name of a speaker who would not appear in an in-text聽citation, you can include their name within your paper (see example below)
Use a time stamp instead of page numbers for in-text citations.
Reference Page Format:
Uploader. (Year, Month Day uploaded).聽Title of video聽[Video]. Website. URL
Reference Page Example:
TED. (2011, May 2).聽Beware online "filter bubbles:" Eli Pariser聽[Video]. YouTube.聽https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8ofWFx525s
In-text Citation Examples:
Pariser shared his belief that the internet should expose us to ideas that challenge us (TED, 2011).
...(TED, 2011).
...(TED, 2011,聽8:13).
Online Video from Website Not Dedicated to Streaming (TED Talks, etc.)
For videos from sites that are not dedicated to streaming, use the below format.
Use a time stamp instead of page numbers for in-text citations.
Reference Page Format:
Creator or Speaker. (Year, Month Day).聽Title of video聽[Video]. Website. URL聽
Reference Page Example:
Pariser, E. (2011, March).聽Beware online "filter bubbles"聽[Video]. TED Conferences.聽https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles
In-text Citation Examples:
...(Pariser, 2011).
...(Pariser, 2011, 4:23).
Podcast Series
Reference Page Format:
Producer or Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)聽聽(Year range).聽罢颈迟濒别听[Audio podcast]. Website. URL
Reference Page Example:
Koenig, S., & Snyder, J. (Producers).聽(2014-present).聽Serial聽[Audio podcast]. WBEZ Chicago.聽https://serialpodcast.org/
In-text Citation Examples:
Koenig et聽al.聽(2014-present) based their program on聽...
...(Koenig et聽al., 2014-present).
Podcast Episode
Reference Page Format:
Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)聽聽(Year, Month Day). Episode title (No. #) [Audio podcast episode]. In聽Podcast Title. Website/Production Company. URL
Reference Page Example:
Koenig, S.聽(Host).聽(2014, October 3). The Alibi (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In聽Serial. WBEZ Chicago.聽https://serialpodcast.org/season-three/1/a-bar-fight-walks-into-the-justice-center
In-text Citation Examples:
Koenig (2014)聽shared聽that聽...
...(Koenig, 2014).
Music Album
Music album citations include information such as the artist/group, year, title of the album, and record label. If there are multiple record labels, separate them with semi-colons.
Classical albums are cited slightly differently. Composers are listed instead of performers and should include information such as recording information聽and the year the original work was published.
Music albums with the original and recorded year should include both years within in-text citations.
Reference Page Format:
Recording Artist or Group (Year).聽Title of the album聽[Album]. Record Label.
Composer, C. C. (Year).聽Title of the album聽[Album recorded by...]. Record Label (Original work聽published... ).聽
Reference Page Example:
BTS. (2022).聽Proof聽[Album].聽Big Hit Music.
Berg, A. (2006).聽Lulu聽[Album recorded by the English National Opera]. Chandos. (Original work published 1937)
In-text Citation Examples:
...聽(BTS, 2022).
... (Berg, 1937/2006).
Song
Similar to music albums, songs are cited differently if they are considered "Classical" or not. See below for the differences and examples.
If the songwriter and recording artist/group are the same, no need to include the brackets after the song title.
Reference Page Format:
Songwriter, S. S.聽(Year). Song title [Recorded by A. A. Artist/Group Name]. On聽Title of the album聽[Album]. Record Label.
Composer, C. C. (Year). Song title聽[Song recorded by]. On聽Title of the album.聽Record Label. (Original work published...).
Reference Page Example:
Suga, Pdogg, RM, MAX, Gleyzer, D., & J-Hope聽(2022). Yet to Come (The Most Beautiful Moment) [Recorded by BTS]. On聽笔谤辞辞蹿听[Album]. Big Hit Music.
Berg, A. (2006).聽Act I Scene 1: Am I trespassing? [Song recorded by the English National Opera]. On聽Lulu. Chandos. (Original work published 1937)
In-text Citation Examples:
...(Suga et al., 2022).
...(Berg, 1937/2006).